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attribute
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A field or column of a dimension
(or other) table.
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BI
Business
Intelligence
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A suite of software tools used
primarily by business administrative staff to navigate through the data of
the data warehouse. BI tools provide functionality including managed
reporting, queyring, data analysis, data visualization, etc.
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data cube
cube
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A multi-dimensional representation
of business data in which the cells of the cube contain data measures (i.e.
facts) and the edges of the cube represent the data dimensions.
Although a cube implies only 3 dimensions in geometry, a data cube may
represent any number of dimensions.
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data mart
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A subset of the organization's
data, focused on a specific subject area or business area.
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data warehouse
DW
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(1) A collection of data pulled
together primarily from operational business systems, structured and tuned
for easy access and use by consumers and analysts, especially in support of
forecasting and decision-making.
(2) A subject-oriented, integrated, time-varying, non-volatile collection of
data in support of the management's decision-making process. (John Inmon)
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dimension
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A set of attributes, usually
hierarchical, that is used to describe an organization's business by
constraining and grouping facts.
Example dimensions include time, students, faculty, organization, funds, etc.
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DSS
Decision
Support
System
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A software system used to support
decision-making processes within an organization.
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EIS
Executive
Information
System
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A concise set of customized,
high-level, generally graphical views of the organization's information,
enabling executive-level management to see the overall health of their
business.
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ETL
Extraction,
Transformation,
Loading
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A set of back-end data staging
steps that are used to (1) obtain data from operational sources (i.e. the
extraction step), (2) cleanse and prepare data for import into the data
warehouse (i.e. the transformation step), and (3) actually importing the
transformed data into the data warehouse (i.e. the loading step).
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fact
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A numeric (or other type of) data
element by which an organization measures aspects of its business. The most
useful facts are indeed numeric and often additive.
Example facts include dollar amounts (e.g. budget, expenditure, encumbrance,
revenue), counts (e.g. headcount, credit hours), etc.
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grain
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The meaning of a single record in
a fact table.
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metadata
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Data about data; any data
maintained to support the operation or use of a data warehouse, including
business names and definitions of facts, dimensions, attributes, etc.
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ODBC
Open
Database
Connectivity
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Often used in a Microsoft Windows
environment, ODBC is a standard protocol for accessing a majority of database
systems, including Oracle, Access, etc.
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OLAP
On-Line
Analytical
Processing
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A category of database software
systems that primarily involves aggregating large amounts of data from a data
warehouse environment.
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OLTP
On-Line
Transactional
Processing
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A category of database software
systems that typically involves processing transactions in real time.
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RDBMS
Relational
Database
Management
System
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A database (e.g. Oracle) in which
information is represented via tables and relationships between such tables.
The term RDBMS is also often used to refer to software that helps to
administer a database.
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snapshot
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Typically describes a fact
table that represents the state of affairs at the end of each time period.
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SQL
Structured
Query
Language
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A standard language for creating,
modifying, and querying an RDBMS.
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star schema
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A collection of dimensions joined
together with a single fact table that is used to construct queries against a
data warehouse.
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